Performance information

• Emergence of the sex difference in calbindin D-28K neurons and the role of calbindin D-28K in clustering neurons of the preoptic area in mice
  Ryoma Koiso; Chihiro Kushida; Moeko Kanaya; Shinji Tsukahara
  Cell and Tissue Research, May 2025, [Reviewed], [Last, Corresponding]
  Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-025-03981-3
  DOI ID：10.1007/s00441-025-03981-3, ISSN：0302-766X, eISSN：1432-0878
• Ethynylestradiol feminizes gene expression partly in testis developing as ovotestis and disrupts asymmetric Müllerian duct development by eliminating asymmetric gene expression in Japanese quail embryos
  Natsuko Abe; Akari Sakiyama; Maho Suzuki; Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Takehiro Suzuki; Takaharu Kawashima; Shinji Tsukahara
  Toxicological Sciences, Volume：199, Number：2, First page：210, Last page：226, 2024, [Reviewed], [Last, Corresponding]
  Abstract
  
  In avian embryos, xenoestrogens induce abnormalities in reproductive organs, particularly the testes and Müllerian ducts (MDs). However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of ethynylestradiol (EE2) exposure on gene expression associated with reproductive organ development in Japanese quail embryos. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that the left testis containing ovary-like tissues following EE2 exposure highly expressed the genes for steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, P45017α, lyase, and 3β-HSD) and estrogen receptor-β, compared to the right testis. No asymmetry was found in these gene expression without EE2. EE2 induced hypertrophy in female MDs and suppressed atrophy in male MDs on both sides. RNA sequencing analysis of female MDs showed 1,366 differentially expressed genes between developing left MD and atrophied right MD in the absence of EE2, and these genes were enriched in Gene Ontology terms related to organogenesis, including cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, and angiogenesis. However, EE2 reduced asymmetrically expressed genes to 21. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that genes promoting cell cycle progression and oncogenesis were more highly expressed in the left MD than in the right MD, but EE2 eliminated such asymmetric gene expression by increasing levels on the right side. EE2-exposed males showed overexpression of these genes in both MDs. This study reveals part of the molecular basis of xenoestrogen-induced abnormalities in avian reproductive organs, where EE2 may partly feminize gene expression in the left testis, developing as the ovotestis, and induce bilateral MD malformation by canceling asymmetric gene expression underlying MD development.
  Oxford University Press (OUP), Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfae033
  DOI ID：10.1093/toxsci/kfae033, ISSN：1096-6080, eISSN：1096-0929
• In ovo o,p′‐DDT exposure induces malformation of reproductive organs and alters the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation in Japanese quail embryo　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin‐Tin Win‐Shwe; Natsuko Abe; Akari Sakiyama; Maho Suzuki; Kazuhiro Sano; Takaharu Kawashima; Shinji Tsukahara
  Journal of Applied Toxicology, Volume：44, Number：5, First page：699, Last page：711, 2024, [Reviewed], [Last, Corresponding]
  Abstract
  
  In ovo exposure to o,p′‐dichloro‐diphenyl‐trichloroethane (o,p′‐DDT) impairs reproduction by inducing malformation of the reproductive organs in birds, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of o,p′‐DDT on the development of the reproductive organs, the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation, and the plasma concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in Japanese quail embryos. o,p′‐DDT‐containing sesame oil was injected into the yolk sac on Embryonic Day (E) 3 at a dose of 500, 2,000, or 8,000 μg per egg. On E15, the reproductive organs were observed; the gonads and Müllerian ducts (MDs) were sampled to measure the mRNA of steroidogenic enzymes, sex steroid receptors, anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), and AMH receptor 2 (AMHR2); blood samples were collected to assay plasma testosterone and estradiol levels; and the gonads were used for histological analysis. o,p′‐DDT dose‐dependently increased the prevalence of hypertrophic MDs in females and residual MDs in males. In female MDs, o,p′‐DDT dose‐dependently decreased estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERβ, and AMHR2 mRNA expression. o,p′‐DDT dose‐dependently induced left‐biased asymmetry of testis size, and ovary‐like tissue was found in the left testis after exposure to 8,000 μg per egg o,p′‐DDT, although asymmetric gene expression did not occur. o,p′‐DDT did not affect ovarian tissue but did decrease 17α‐hydroxylase/C17‐20 lyase mRNA expression and dose‐dependently increased ERβ mRNA expression. o,p′‐DDT decreased plasma testosterone concentrations in females. These findings suggest that o,p′‐DDT induces hypertrophy of the MDs and ovarian tissue formation in the left testis. Abnormal MD development may be linked to altered gene expression for sensing estrogens and AMH signals.
  Wiley, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4571
  DOI ID：10.1002/jat.4571, ISSN：0260-437X, eISSN：1099-1263
• Two step actions of testicular androgens in the organization of a male-specific neural pathway from the medial preoptic area to the ventral tegmental area for modulating sexually motivated behavior　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Morishita M; Kobayashi K; Mitsuzuka M; Takagi R; Ono K; Monma R; Tsuneoka Y; Horio S; Tsukahara S
  Journal of Neuroscience, Volume：43, Number：44, First page：7322, Last page：7336, 2023, [Reviewed], [Last, Corresponding], ［International magazine］
  The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the MPOA has been studied to understand sexual dimorphism, although the anatomy and physiology of the SDN is not fully understood. Here, we characterized SDN neurons that contribute to sexual dimorphism and investigated the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such neurons and their roles in social behaviors. A target-specific neuroanatomical study using transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of Calb1, a gene expressed abundantly in the SDN, revealed that SDN neurons are divided into two subpopulations: GABA neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where they link to the dopamine system (CalbVTA neurons) and GABA neurons that extend axons in the MPOA or project to neighboring regions (CalbnonVTA neurons). CalbVTA neurons were abundant in males, but were scarce or absent in females. There was no difference in the number of CalbnonVTA neurons between sexes. Additionally, we found that emergence of CalbVTA neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. Chemogenetic analyses of CalbVTA neurons indicated a role in modulating sexual motivation in males. Knockdown of Calb1 in the MPOA reduced the intromission required for males to complete copulation. These findings provide strong evidence that a male-specific neural pathway from the MPOA to the VTA is organized by the two-step actions of testicular androgens for the modulation of sexually motivated behavior.Significance StatementThe medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors, although its sexual dimorphism is not fully understood. Here, we describe a population of MPOA neurons that contribute to the sexual dimorphism. These neurons only exist in masculinized brains, and they project their axons to the ventral tegmental area, where they link to the dopamine system. Emergence of such neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. These MPOA neurons endow masculinized brains with a neural pathway from the MPOA to the ventral tegmental area and modulate sexually motivated behavior in males.
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0361-23.2023
  DOI ID：10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0361-23.2023, PubMed ID：37722849
• Sexually dimorphic expression of sexual differentiation genes in the internal genital organs of Japanese quail embryos　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Masahiro Morishita; Shiho Sasaki; Kanta Wakayama; Kaito Kobayashi; Koichi Ohno; Takaharu Kawashima
  General and Comparative Endocrinology, Volume：314, First page：113917, Last page：113917, Dec. 2021, [Reviewed], [Lead, Corresponding], ［International magazine］
  Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is an avian model used to evaluate the reproductive and developmental toxicity of chemicals. The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) of Japan established a strain of Japanese quail, NIES-L, which may be a better model because of its highly inbred characteristics. To understand sexual differentiation of the reproductive organs and the value of using NIES-L quails for avian toxicity assessment, we profiled estradiol and androgen plasma levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the mRNA levels of estrogen receptor-α (ERα), ERβ, and androgen receptor (AR) in the gonads, Müllerian ducts, Wolffian ducts; and the mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes, cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 17α-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase (P45017α, lyase), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), and aromatase (P450arom), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and AMH receptor type 2 (AMHR2) in the gonads of NIES-L Japanese quails on embryonic days 9, 12, and 15 using a real-time quantitative PCR method. The plasma estradiol concentration was higher in females than males on these embryonic days, but no sex difference was found in the plasma androgens. The mRNA levels of all examined steroidogenic enzymes were significantly higher in female than male embryos. In particular, the P450arom mRNA levels showed a striking sex difference: P450arom was expressed in female but not male gonads. In contrast, the AMH and AMHR2 mRNA levels in the gonads were higher in males than females. The ERα, ERβ, and AR mRNA levels increased in the left female gonad and peaked on embryonic day 15, but not in the left and right male gonads; therefore, there was a female-biased sex difference. The ERα, ERβ, and AR mRNA levels in the left Müllerian duct, but not in the right Müllerian duct, of females increased and peaked on embryonic day 15, which resulted in asymmetric mRNA levels. The Wolffian ducts expressed ERα, ERβ, and AR in both sexes, and no sex difference or asymmetry of mRNA levels was found. The information obtained from this study helps elucidate the molecular endocrinological basis of sexual dimorphism formation of reproductive organs and clarify the value of NIES-L quails for toxicity assessment.
  Elsevier BV, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113917
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113917, ISSN：0016-6480, PubMed ID：34555414
• Neuronal activation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in female and male rats during copulation and its sex differences　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Masahiro Morishita; Arisa Kamada; Shinji Tsukahara
  Neuroscience Letters, Volume：755, First page：135915, Last page：135915, Jun. 2021, [Reviewed], [Last, Corresponding], ［International magazine］
  The medial preoptic area, which plays an essential role in the control of sexual behavior in rats, contains a sexually dimorphic nucleus that consists of neurons expressing calbindin-D28 K (Calb) that is referred to as the CALB-SDN. The CALB-SDN is larger and contains more Calb neurons in males than in females. The physiological functions of the CALB-SDN are not fully understood; however, CALB-SDN neurons are activated during sexual behavior in males, suggesting that the male CALB-SDN is involved in regulation of sexual behavior. However, no information exists about the physiological functions of the female CALB-SDN. In the present study, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos, a neuronal activity marker, in the CALB-SDN of female and male rats that had copulated with conspecifics of the opposite sex to determine whether neurons of the female CALB-SDN are activated during copulation and whether the neuronal activity of the CALB-SDN differs between sexes. The numbers of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells with or without Calb-immunoreactivity (c-Fos+/Calb+ and c-Fos+/Calb- cells) were greater in the CALB-SDN of rats that had copulated than in rats that had not copulated in each sex. Although the number of Calb+ cells in the CALB-SDN was smaller in females than in males, the increase in the number of c-Fos+/Calb+ cells in the female CALB-SDN with copulation was comparable to that in the male CALB-SDN with copulation. The increase in the number of c-Fos+/Calb- cells in the CALB-SDN with copulation was more prominent in males than in females. These results suggest that CALB-SDN neurons are activated during copulation in both sexes. The patterns of neuronal activation in the CALB-SDN during copulation may differ between sexes.
  Elsevier BV, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135915
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135915, ISSN：0304-3940, PubMed ID：33905774
• The role of central corticotrophin‐releasing factor receptor signalling in plasma glucose maintenance through ghrelin secretion in calorie‐restricted mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Risa Kimura; Daisuke Kondo; Shota Takemi; Miyuki Fujishiro; Shinji Tsukahara; Takafumi Sakai; Ichiro Sakata
  Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Volume：33, Number：3, First page：e12961, Mar. 2021, [Reviewed], ［International magazine］
  Under severe calorie restriction (CR), the ghrelin-growth hormone axis in mice is involved in the maintenance of plasma glucose levels. Ghrelin, a stomach-derived acylated peptide, is up-regulated by the sympathetic nerve in the negative energy status. Central corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R) signalling stimulates the sympathetic tone. The present study aimed to examine the effect of central CRF-R signalling on the maintenance of plasma glucose concentrations in severe calorie-restricted mice with the involvement of ghrelin. Intracerebroventricular injections of urocorin-1 and urocorin-2, which are natural ligands for CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations and ghrelin elevation with an i.c.v. injection of urocorin-1 was cancelled by atenolol (β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist) administration. We then established a mice model of 60% CR and found that the administration of [d-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (a ghrelin receptor antagonist) in mice under 60% CR reduced the plasma glucose concentration more compared to the vehicle mice. Similarly, the atenolol injection in mice under 60% CR significantly reduced the plasma glucose concentration, which was rescued by the co-administration of ghrelin. An i.c.v. injection of the alpha helical CRH, a non-selective corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor antagonist, in mice under 60% CR significantly reduced the plasma glucose concentration, although the co-administration of α-helical CRH with ghrelin maintained plasma glucose levels. These results suggest that central CRF-R signalling is involved in the maintenance of plasma glucose levels in mice under severe CR via the sympathetic-ghrelin pathway.
  Wiley, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12961
  DOI ID：10.1111/jne.12961, ISSN：0953-8194, eISSN：1365-2826, PubMed ID：33675127
• Perinatal Exposure to Diesel Exhaust-Origin Secondary Organic Aerosol Induces Autism-Like Behavior in Rats
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Chaw Kyi-Tha-Thu; Yuji Fujitani; Shinji Tsukahara; Seishiro Hirano
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume：22, Number：2, First page：538, Last page：538, Jan. 2021, [Reviewed]
  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication, poor social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. We aimed to examine autism-like behaviors and related gene expressions in rats exposed to diesel exhaust (DE)-origin secondary organic aerosol (DE-SOA) perinatally. Sprague–Dawley pregnant rats were exposed to clean air (control), DE, and DE-SOA in the exposure chamber from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21. Behavioral phenotypes of ASD were investigated in 10~13-week-old offspring using a three-chambered social behavior test, social dominance tube test, and marble burying test. Prefrontal cortex was collected to examine molecular analyses including neurological and immunological markers and glutamate concentration, using RT-PCR and ELISA methods. DE-SOA-exposed male and female rats showed poor sociability and social novelty preference, socially dominant behavior, and increased repetitive behavior. Serotonin receptor (5-HT(5B)) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNAs were downregulated whereas interleukin 1 β (IL-β) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNAs were upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of male and female rats exposed to DE-SOA. Glutamate concentration was also increased significantly in DE-SOA-exposed male and female rats. Our results indicate that perinatal exposure to DE-SOA may induce autism-like behavior by modulating molecules such as neurological and immunological markers in rats.
  MDPI AG, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020538
  DOI ID：10.3390/ijms22020538, eISSN：1422-0067
• The glutamatergic system in the preoptic area is involved in the retention of maternal behavior in maternally experienced female rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Eri Okino; Sayaka Morita; Yumi Hoshikawa; Shinji Tsukahara
  Psychoneuroendocrinology, Volume：120, First page：104792, Last page：104792, Oct. 2020, [Reviewed], [Last, Corresponding]
  Elsevier BV, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104792
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104792, ISSN：0306-4530
• Sexually Dimorphic Formation of the Preoptic Area and the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis by Neuroestrogens　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Masahiro Morishita
  Frontiers in Neuroscience, Volume：14, First page：797, Last page：797, Jul. 2020, [Reviewed], [Lead, Corresponding], ［International magazine］
  Testicular androgens during the perinatal period play an important role in the sexual differentiation of the brain of rodents. Testicular androgens transported into the brain act via androgen receptors or are the substrate of aromatase, which synthesizes neuroestrogens that act via estrogen receptors. The latter that occurs in the perinatal period significantly contributes to the sexual differentiation of the brain. The preoptic area (POA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are sexually dimorphic brain regions that are involved in the regulation of sex-specific social behaviors and the reproductive neuroendocrine system. Here, we discuss how neuroestrogens of testicular origin act in the perinatal period to organize the sexually dimorphic structures of the POA and BNST. Accumulating data from rodent studies suggest that neuroestrogens induce the sex differences in glial and immune cells, which play an important role in the sexually dimorphic formation of the dendritic synapse patterning in the POA, and induce the sex differences in the cell number of specific neuronal cell groups in the POA and BNST, which may be established by controlling the number of cells dying by apoptosis or the phenotypic organization of living cells. Testicular androgens in the peripubertal period also contribute to the sexual differentiation of the POA and BNST, and thus their aromatization to estrogens may be unnecessary. Additionally, we discuss the notion that testicular androgens that do not aromatize to estrogens can also induce significant effects on the sexually dimorphic formation of the POA and BNST.
  Frontiers Media SA, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00797
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2020.00797, eISSN：1662-453X, PubMed ID：32848568, PubMed Central ID：PMC7403479
• Detection and Characterization of Estrogen Receptor Beta Expression in the Brain with Newly Developed Transgenic Mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shoko Sagoshi; Sho Maejima; Masahiro Morishita; Satoshi Takenawa; Akito Otubo; Keiko Takanami; Tatsuya Sakamoto; Hirotaka Sakamoto; Shinji Tsukahara; Sonoko Ogawa
  Neuroscience, Volume：438, First page：182, Last page：197, Jul. 2020, [Reviewed], ［International magazine］
  Two types of nuclear estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, have been shown to be differentially involved in the regulation of various types of behaviors. Due to a lack of tools for identifying ERβ expression, detailed anatomical distribution and neurochemical characteristics of ERβ expressing cells and cellular co-expression with ERα remain unclear. We have generated transgenic mice ERβ-RFPtg, in which RFP was inserted downstream of ERβ BAC promotor. We verified RFP signals as ERβ by confirming: (1) high ERβ mRNA levels in RFP-expressing cells collected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting; and (2) co-localization of ERβ mRNA and RFP proteins in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Strong ERβ-RFP signals were found in the PVN, medial preoptic area (MPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial amygdala (MeA), and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In the MPOA and MeA, three types of cell populations were identified; those expressing both ERα and ERβ, and those expressing exclusively either ERα or ERβ. The majority of PVN and DRN cells expressed only ERβ-RFP. Further, ERβ-RFP positive cells co-expressed oxytocin in the PVN, and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and progesterone receptors in the DRN. In the MeA, some ERβ-RFP positive cells co-expressed oxytocin receptors. These findings collectively suggest that ERβ-RFPtg mice can be a powerful tool for future studies on ERβ function in the estrogenic regulation of social behaviors.
  Elsevier BV, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.047
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.047, ISSN：0306-4522, PubMed ID：32387645
• Actions of Peripubertal Gonadal Steroids in the Formation of Sexually Dimorphic Brain Regions in Mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Masahiro Morishita; Ryoma Koiso; Shinji Tsukahara
  Endocrinology, Volume：161, Number：6, Jun. 2020, [Reviewed], [Last, Corresponding], ［International magazine］
  
  The calbindin-sexually dimorphic nucleus (CALB-SDN) and calbindin-principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (CALB-BNSTp) show male-biased sex differences in calbindin neuron number. The ventral part of the BNSTp (BNSTpv) exhibits female-biased sex differences in noncalbindin neuron number. We previously reported that prepubertal gonadectomy disrupts the masculinization of the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp and the feminization of the BNSTpv. This study aimed to determine the action mechanisms of testicular androgens on the masculinization of the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp and whether ovarian estrogens are the hormones that have significant actions in the feminization of the BNSTpv. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of calbindin and NeuN, a neuron marker, in male mice orchidectomized on postnatal day 20 (PD20) and treated with cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol, or dihydrotestosterone during PD20-70, female mice ovariectomized on PD20 and treated with cholesterol or estradiol during PD20-70, and PD70 mice gonadectomized on PD56. Calbindin neurons number in the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp in males treated with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol, was significantly larger than that in cholesterol-treated males. Noncalbindin neuron number in the BNSTpv in estradiol-treated females was significantly larger than that in cholesterol-treated females. Gonadectomy on PD56 had no significant effect on neuron numbers. Additionally, an immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of androgen receptors in the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp of PD30 males and estrogen receptors-α in the BNSTpv of PD30 females. These results suggest that peripubertal testicular androgens act to masculinize the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp without aromatization, and peripubertal ovarian estrogens act to feminize the BNSTpv.
  The Endocrine Society, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa063
  DOI ID：10.1210/endocr/bqaa063, ISSN：0013-7227, eISSN：1945-7170, PubMed ID：32303738
• Estrogenic action by tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate impairs the development of female reproductive functions.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Kazuhiro Sano; Hidenori Matsukami; Go Suzuki; Nang Thinn Thinn Htike; Masahiro Morishita; Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Shunji Hashimoto; Takaharu Kawashima; Tomohiko Isobe; Shoji F Nakayama; Shinji Tsukahara; Fumihiko Maekawa
  Environment international, Volume：138, First page：105662, Last page：105662, May 2020, [Reviewed], ［International magazine］
  Developmental exposure to environmental chemicals with estrogen-like activity is suspected to permanently impair women's health. In this study, a mouse model was used to evaluate whether tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate (TDMPP), a chemical with a putative estrogen-like action, impairs sexual differentiation of the brain. Either TDMPP and 17β-estradiol (E2) as positive controls or sesame oil as a negative control were administered subcutaneously to dams from gestational day (GD) 14 to parturition, and to pups from postnatal day (PND) 0 to 9. Precocious puberty, irregular estrous cycles, and a lowered lordosis response were found in the TDMPP- and E2-treated groups. A certain amount of TDMPP and its metabolites in the perinatal brain and the masculinization of sexual dimorphic nuclei in the hypothalamus of female mice after treatment were also detected. The experimental evidence demonstrates that TDMPP directly enters the fetal and neonatal brain, thereby inducing changes of sex-related brain structures and impairing female reproductive functions.
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105662
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.envint.2020.105662, PubMed ID：32203809
• Estrogenic regulation of social behavior and sexually dimorphic brain formation.
  Ogawa S; Tsukahara S; Choleris E; Vasudevan N
  Volume：110, First page：46, Last page：59, 2020, [Reviewed]
  English
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.012
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.012
• Region-specific effects of copulation on dendritic spine morphology and gene expression related to spinogenesis in the medial preoptic nucleus of male rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shizuka Nakashima; Masahiro Morishita; Kanna Ueno; Shinji Tsukahara
  Psychoneuroendocrinology, Volume：108, First page：1, Last page：13, 2019, [Reviewed], ［International magazine］
  The medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) plays an essential role in the control of male sexual behavior. In rats, the central part of the MPN (MPNc) contains a sexually dimorphic nucleus exhibiting male-biased morphological sex differences. Although it has been suggested that the MPNc of male rats functions to induce sexual arousal, the mechanisms by which male rats are sexually aroused to successfully achieve copulation are poorly understood. We recently showed that increased neuronal activity in the MPNc of male rats during copulation is higher at their first copulation compared with later copulations, indicating that a plastic change in excitatory synaptic transmission occurs with copulatory experience. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that changes to dendritic spines at structural and molecular levels occur following copulatory experience. First, we examined the effects of at least two copulations on the morphology of dendrites and spines in the MPNc and in the lateral and medial parts of the MPN (MPNlm) of male rats. In the MPNc, the total number of dendrites and their branches, and the surface area of dendrites were not significantly affected by copulation. However, the copulatory experience, specifically experience of ejaculation, significantly reduced the density of mushroom spines but not of filopodia, thin or stubby spines in the MPNc. In the MPNlm, the copulatory experience, specifically experience of ejaculation, significantly increased the surface area of dendrites, although there was no significant effect of copulation on spine density. Next, we measured the mRNA levels of genes encoding actin-binding proteins related to spinogenesis after male rats had copulated for their first and second times. Copulatory stimuli, especially stimuli from ejaculation, significantly reduced the mRNA levels of drebrin A and spinophilin in the MPNc but not in the MPNlm. These results indicate that copulatory experiences, especially experience of ejaculation, reduce spine density in the MPNc of male rats, which may result, in part, from downregulation of genes encoding actin-binding proteins.
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.025
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.025, PubMed ID：31174081
• Correction to: Female-biased sexual dimorphism of corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Katsuya Uchida; Hiroko Otsuka; Masahiro Morishita; Shinji Tsukahara; Tatsuya Sato; Kenji Sakimura; Keiichi Itoi
  Biology of sex differences, Volume：10, Number：6, First page：10, Last page：10, 2019, [Reviewed], ［International magazine］
  Following publication of the original article [1], we noticed a number of errors.
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-019-0221-2
  DOI ID：10.1186/s13293-019-0221-2, PubMed ID：30782210, PubMed Central ID：PMC6381707
• Neonatal septal lesions perevent behavioral defeminization caused by neonatal treatment with estradiol in female rats.
  Kanaya M; Tsukahara S; Yamanouchi K
  Volume：694, First page：80, Last page：85, 2019, [Reviewed]
  English
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.032
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.032
• Temporal expression patterns of genes related to sex steroid action in sexually dimorphic nuclei during puberty
  Moeko Kanaya; Masahiro Morishita; Shinji Tsukahara
  Frontiers in Endocrinology, Volume：9, Number：MAY, First page：213, May 2018, [Reviewed]
  Frontiers Media S.A., English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00213
  Scopus：https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85046672261&origin=inward
  Scopus Citedby：https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85046672261&origin=inward
  DOI ID：10.3389/fendo.2018.00213, ISSN：1664-2392, eISSN：1664-2392, SCOPUS ID：85046672261
• Neuronal activity in the sagittalis nucleus of the hypothalamus after ovarian steroid hormone manipulation and sexual behavior in female rat
  Ivaylo Evgueniev Balabanov; Ken Ichi Matsuda; Hiroko Mori; Shunji Yamada; Keito Kitagawa; Yukina Yamamoto; Shinji Tsukahara; Masaki Tanaka
  Neuroscience Letters, Volume：671, First page：25, Last page：28, Apr. 2018, [Reviewed]
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.008
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.008, ISSN：1872-7972, SCOPUS ID：85041652129
• VGF in the Medial Preoptic Nucleus Increases Sexual Activity Following Sexual Arousal Induction in Male Rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Sho Maejima; Yuta Abe; Shohei Yamaguchi; Sergei Musatov; Sonoko Ogawa; Yasuhiko Kondo; Shinji Tsukahara
  Endocrinology, Volume：159, Number：12, First page：3993, Last page：4005, 2018, [Reviewed], ［International magazine］
  The central part of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc) is associated with sexual arousal induction in male rats. However, it is largely unclear how males are sexually aroused and achieve their first copulation. We previously reported that more MPNc neurons activate during the first copulation than the second copulation. In this study, to explore the molecules responsible for sexual arousal induction, we performed DNA microarray of the MPNc in sexually naive males and males after they copulated for their first and second times. We then performed quantitative PCR analyses to validate the results of the DNA microarray. Six genes were identified. Their expression increased following copulation and was higher in males after they copulated for the first time than after the second time. The genes encode transcription factors (Fos, Nfil3, and Nr4a3), a serine/threonine kinase (Sik1), an antioxidant protein (Srxn1), and a neuropeptide precursor VGF (Vgf), which may be the candidate genes responsible for sexual arousal induction. We examined the effects of Vgf knockdown in the MPNc on sexual partner preference and sexual behavior in sexually inexperienced and experienced males to determine the role of VGF in sexual arousal induction. A preference for estrous female rats was reinforced, and the latency of mount and intromission became short after sexually inexperienced males copulated for the first time. However, Vgf knockdown disrupted these phenomena. Vgf knockdown did not have any significant effect in sexually experienced males. VGF-derived neuropeptides presumably serve as an effector molecule to increase sexual activity following sexual arousal induction.
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00804
  DOI ID：10.1210/en.2018-00804, PubMed ID：30371765
• Sexual experience reduces neuronal activity in the central part of the medial preoptic nucleus in male rats during sexual behavior.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shohei Yamaguchi; Yuta Abe; Sho Maejima; Shinji Tsukahara
  Neuroscience letters, Volume：685, First page：155, Last page：159, 2018, [Reviewed], ［International magazine］
  The medial preoptic area (MPN) plays an important role in the control of male sexual behavior. In rats, the central part of the MPN (MPNc) is sexually dimorphic and contains a sexually dimorphic nucleus composed of neurons expressing calbindin-D28 K (CALB-SDN). Although the functions of the MPNc are not well understood, surgical destruction of the MPNc adversely affects the performance of sexual behavior in sexually naive males, but not in sexually experienced males, supporting the notion that the MPNc changes functionally with sexual experience. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of sexual experience on the neuronal activity of the MPNc and CALB-SDN. Sexual behavior in sexually inexperienced males that had no experience of ejaculation, and experienced males that had ejaculated once was observed. After they displayed sexual behavior, the brains were sampled, and immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos, a neuronal activity marker, in the MPNc and CALB-SDN was performed. The numbers of c-Fos-immunopositive cells with or without calbindin-D28K-immunoreactivity increased significantly in the MPNc and CALB-SDN following ejaculation in both sexually inexperienced and experienced males, although the numbers did not change significantly with exposure to estrous female odors, the first mount, and the first intromission before and after the first ejaculation. We further found that the number of c-Fos-immunopositive and calbindin-D28K-immunonegative cells in the MPNc, but not in the CALB-SDN, was significantly smaller in sexually experienced males than in sexually inexperienced males. These results suggest that a population of MPNc neurons, which is located outside the CALB-SDN and do not express calbindin-D28 K, are activated during the first copulation and then silent after acquisition of sexual experience.
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.037
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.037, PubMed ID：30170041
• Strain differences in intermale aggression and possible factors regulating increased aggression in Japanese quail　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Fumihiko Maekawa; Koki Nagino; Jiaxin Yang; Nang T. T. Htike; Shinji Tsukahara; Takayoshi Ubuka; Kazuyoshi Tsutsui; Takaharu Kawashima
  GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：256, First page：63, Last page：70, 2018, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.025
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.025, ISSN：0016-6480, eISSN：1095-6840, Web of Science ID：WOS:000423013200011
• Sexual behavior-associated c-Fos induction in the sagittalis nucleus of the hypothalamus in male rat　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Ken Ichi Matsuda; Kei Uchiyama; Hiroko Mori; Sho Maejima; Shohei Yamaguchi; Masaki Tanaka; Shinji Tsukahara
  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, Volume：661, First page：104, Last page：107, Nov. 2017, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.053
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.053, ISSN：0304-3940, eISSN：1872-7972, Web of Science ID：WOS:000415912800018
• Gonadal Hormone-Dependent Sexual Differentiation of a Female-Biased Sexually Dimorphic Cell Group in the Principal Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in Mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Masahiro Morishita; Sho Maejima; Shinji Tsukahara
  ENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：158, Number：10, First page：3512, Last page：3525, Oct. 2017, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2017-00240
  DOI ID：10.1210/en.2017-00240, ISSN：0013-7227, eISSN：1945-7170, Web of Science ID：WOS:000412298700039
• Moxd1 Is a Marker for Sexual Dimorphism in the Medial Preoptic Area, Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Medial Amygdala　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Yousuke Tsuneoka; Shinji Tsukahara; Sachine Yoshida; Kenkichi Takase; Satoko Oda; Masaru Kuroda; Hiromasa Funato
  FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY, Volume：11, First page：26, Mar. 2017, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2017.00026
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnana.2017.00026, ISSN：1662-5129, Web of Science ID：WOS:000397397100003
• A Sexually Dimorphic Area of the Dorsal Hypothalamus in Mice and Common Marmosets　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Yadanar Moe; Chaw Kyi-Tha-Thu; Tomoko Tanaka; Hiroto Ito; Satowa Yahashi; Ken-Ichi Matsuda; Mitsuhiro Kawata; Goro Katsuura; Fumihiro Iwashige; Ichiro Sakata; Atsushi Akune; Akio Inui; Takafumi Sakai; Sonoko Ogawa; Shinji Tsukahara
  ENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：157, Number：12, First page：4817, Last page：4828, Dec. 2016, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1428
  DOI ID：10.1210/en.2016-1428, ISSN：0013-7227, eISSN：1945-7170, Web of Science ID：WOS:000392840400032
• Molecular Cloning of Ghrelin and Characteristics of Ghrelin-Producing Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shota Takemi; Ichiro Sakata; Auvijit Saha Apu; Shinji Tsukahara; Satowa Yahashi; Goro Katsuura; Fumihiro Iwashige; Atsushi Akune; Akio Inui; Takafumi Sakai
  ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Volume：33, Number：5, First page：497, Last page：504, Oct. 2016, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.2108/zs160020
  DOI ID：10.2108/zs160020, ISSN：0289-0003, Web of Science ID：WOS:000385345800007
• A comparative study of sex difference in calbindin neurons among mice, musk shrews, and Japanese quails　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Yadanar Moe; Tomoko Tanaka; Masahiro Morishita; Ryoko Ohata; Chihiro Nakahara; Takaharu Kawashima; Fumihiko Maekawa; Ichiro Sakata; Takafumi Sakai; Shinji Tsukahara
  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, Volume：631, First page：63, Last page：69, Sep. 2016, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.018
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.018, ISSN：0304-3940, eISSN：1872-7972, Web of Science ID：WOS:000384786600011
• Pubertal activation of estrogen receptor a in the medial amygdala is essential for the full expression of male social behavior in mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Kazuhiro Sano; Mariko Nakata; Sergei Musatov; Masahiro Morishita; Toshiro Sakamoto; Shinji Tsukahara; Sonoko Ogawa
  PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Volume：113, Number：27, First page：7632, Last page：7637, Jul. 2016, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524907113
  DOI ID：10.1073/pnas.1524907113, ISSN：0027-8424, Web of Science ID：WOS:000379021700086
• Arsenic Exposure Induces Unscheduled Mitotic S Phase Entry Coupled with Cell Death in Mouse Cortical Astrocytes　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Nang T. T. Htike; Fumihiko Maekawa; Haruka Soutome; Kazuhiro Sano; Sho Maejima; Kyaw H. Aung; Masaaki Tokuda; Shinji Tsukahara
  FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE, Volume：10, First page：297, Jun. 2016, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00297
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2016.00297, ISSN：1662-453X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000379396400001
• Prenatal Exposure to Arsenic Impairs Behavioral Flexibility and Cortical Structure in Mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Kyaw H. Aung; Chaw Kyi-Tha-Thu; Kazuhiro Sano; Kazuaki Nakamura; Akito Tanoue; Keiko Nohara; Masaki Kakeyama; Chiharu Tohyama; Shinji Tsukahara; Fumihiko Maekawa
  FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE, Volume：10, First page：137, Mar. 2016, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00137
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2016.00137, ISSN：1662-453X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000373037400001
• Exposure of BALB/c Mice to Diesel Engine Exhaust Origin Secondary Organic Aerosol (DE-SOA) during the Developmental Stages Impairs the Social Behavior in Adult Life of the Males　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Chew Kyi-Tha-Thu; Yadanar Moe; Yuji Fujitani; Shinji Tsukahara; Seishiro Hirano
  FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE, Volume：9, First page：524, Jan. 2016, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00524
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2015.00524, ISSN：1662-453X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000368586000001
• Sex differences in cells expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the estrogen receptor-alpha promoter in the hypothalamus of mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Chaw Kyi-Tha-Thu; Kota Okoshi; Hiroto Ito; Ken-Ichi Matsuda; Mitsuhiro Kawata; Shinji Tsukahara
  NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Volume：101, First page：44, Last page：52, Dec. 2015, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2015.07.006
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neures.2015.07.006, ISSN：0168-0102, eISSN：1872-8111, Web of Science ID：WOS:000364954800006
• A neural connection between the central part of the medial preoptic nucleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to regulate sexual behavior in male rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Sho Maejima; Naoya Ohishi; Shohei Yamaguchi; Shinji Tsukahara
  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, Volume：606, First page：66, Last page：71, Oct. 2015, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.047
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.047, ISSN：0304-3940, eISSN：1872-7972, Web of Science ID：WOS:000363346900012
• Nano-Sized Secondary Organic Aerosol of Diesel Engine Exhaust Origin Impairs Olfactory-Based Spatial Learning Performance in Preweaning Mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Chaw Kyi-Tha-Thu; Yadanar Moe; Fumihiko Maekawa; Rie Yanagisawa; Akiko Furuyama; Shinji Tsukahara; Yuji Fujitani; Seishiro Hirano
  NANOMATERIALS, Volume：5, Number：3, First page：1147, Last page：1162, Sep. 2015, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3390/nano5031147
  DOI ID：10.3390/nano5031147, ISSN：2079-4991, Web of Science ID：WOS:000362643900002
• Role of Environmental Chemical Insult in Neuronal Cell Death and Cytoskeleton Damage　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Kyaw Htet Aung; Shinji Tsukahara; Fumihiko Maekawa; Keiko Nohara; Kazuaki Nakamura; Akito Tanoue
  BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, Volume：38, Number：8, First page：1109, Last page：1112, Aug. 2015, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b14-00890
  DOI ID：10.1248/bpb.b14-00890, ISSN：0918-6158, Web of Science ID：WOS:000358820000005
• Neural, hormonal and experiential control of sex-typical expression of social behavior.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Ogawa S; Tsuda MC; Sano K; Tsukahara S; Musatov S
  Volume：21, Number：3, First page：181, Last page：187, 2015, [Reviewed]
  English
• Effects of Diesel Engine Exhaust Origin Secondary Organic Aerosols on Novel Object Recognition Ability and Maternal Behavior in BALB/C Mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Yuji Fujitani; Chaw Kyi-Tha-Thu; Akiko Furuyama; Takehiro Michikawa; Shinji Tsukahara; Hiroshi Nitta; Seishiro Hirano
  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, Volume：11, Number：11, First page：11286, Last page：11307, Nov. 2014, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111286
  DOI ID：10.3390/ijerph111111286, ISSN：1660-4601, Web of Science ID：WOS:000345532000016
• Regional Difference in Sex Steroid Action on Formation of Morphological Sex Differences in the Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus and Principal Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Moeko Kanaya; Mumeko C. Tsuda; Shoko Sagoshi; Kazuyo Nagata; Chihiro Morimoto; Chaw Kyi Tha Thu; Katsumi Toda; Shigeaki Kato; Sonoko Ogawa; Shinji Tsukahara
  PLOS ONE, Volume：9, Number：11, First page：e112616, Nov. 2014, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112616
  DOI ID：10.1371/journal.pone.0112616, ISSN：1932-6203, Web of Science ID：WOS:000345558500066
• Neuroanatorny and sex differences of the lordosis-inhibiting system in the lateral septum　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Moeko Kanaya; Korehito Yamanouchi
  FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE, Volume：8, First page：299, Sep. 2014, [Reviewed]
  English
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00299
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2014.00299, ISSN：1662-453X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000346527100001
• The mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation of behavior and physiology in mammals and birds: relative contributions of sex steroids and sex chromosomes　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Fumihiko Maekawa; Shinji Tsukahara; Takaharu Kawashima; Keiko Nohara; Hiroko Ohki-Hamazaki
  FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE, Volume：8, First page：242, Aug. 2014, [Reviewed]
  English
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00242
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2014.00242, ISSN：1662-453X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000346509300001
• Involvement of hemeoxygenase-1 in di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced apoptosis of Neuro-2a cells　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Kyaw Htet Aung; Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Moeko Kanaya; Hirohisa Takano; Shinji Tsukahara
  JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Volume：39, Number：2, First page：217, Last page：229, Apr. 2014, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.39.217
  DOI ID：10.2131/jts.39.217, ISSN：0388-1350, eISSN：1880-3989, Web of Science ID：WOS:000334013300005
• Neuroanatomy and sex differences of the lordosis-inhibiting system in the lateral septum　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Moeko Kanaya; Korehito Yamanouchi
  Frontiers in Neuroscience, Volume：8, First page：299, 2014, [Reviewed]
  Frontiers Research Foundation, English
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00299
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2014.00299, ISSN：1662-453X, PubMed ID：25278832, SCOPUS ID：84907174430
• The mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation of behavior and physiology in mammals and birds: relative contributions of sex steroids and sex chromosomes.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Maekawa F; Tsukahara S; Kawashima T; Nohara K; Ohki-Hamazaki H
  Frontiers in neuroscience, Volume：8, First page：242, 2014, [Reviewed]
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00242
  DOI ID：10.3389/fnins.2014.00242, ISSN：1662-4548, PubMed ID：25177264
• Effects of sodium arsenite on neurite outgrowth and glutamate AMPA receptor expression in mouse cortical neurons　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Fumihiko Maekawa; Takashi Tsuboi; Manami Oya; Kyaw Htet Aung; Shinji Tsukahara; Luc Pellerin; Keiko Nohara
  NEUROTOXICOLOGY, Volume：37, First page：197, Last page：206, Jul. 2013, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2013.05.006
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuro.2013.05.006, ISSN：0161-813X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000321413400024
• Visualisation and characterisation of oestrogen receptor alpha-positive neurons expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the oestrogen receptor alpha promoter　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Ken Ichi Matsuda; Miho Yanagisawa; Kazuhiro Sano; Ikuo Ochiai; Sergei Musatov; Kota Okoshi; Shinji Tsukahara; Sonoko Ogawa; Mitsuhiro Kawata
  EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Volume：38, Number：2, First page：2242, Last page：2249, Jul. 2013, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12227
  DOI ID：10.1111/ejn.12227, ISSN：0953-816X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000321704800005
• Collapsin response mediator protein 4 affects the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the sexually dimorphic nucleus in female mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Takashi Iwakura; Miyuki Sakoh; Atsuhiro Tsutiya; Naoya Yamashita; Akiko Ohtani; Mumeko C. Tsuda; Sonoko Ogawa; Shinji Tsukahara; Masugi Nishihara; Takashi Shiga; Yoshio Goshima; Tomohiro Kato; Ritsuko Ohtani-Kaneko
  DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Volume：73, Number：7, First page：502, Last page：517, Jul. 2013, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1002/dneu.22076
  DOI ID：10.1002/dneu.22076, ISSN：1932-8451, Web of Science ID：WOS:000320190800002
• Inhibition of neurite outgrowth and alteration of cytoskeletal gene expression by sodium arsenite　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Kyaw Htet Aung; Ryohei Kurihara; Shizuka Nakashima; Fumihiko Maekawa; Keiko Nohara; Tetsuya Kobayashi; Shinji Tsukahara
  NEUROTOXICOLOGY, Volume：34, First page：226, Last page：235, Jan. 2013, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2012.09.008
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuro.2012.09.008, ISSN：0161-813X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000314626100024
• Involvement of postnatal apoptosis on sex difference in number of cells generated during late fetal period in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Yukinori Kato; Shizuka Nakashima; Fumihiko Maekawa; Shinji Tsukahara
  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, Volume：516, Number：2, First page：290, Last page：295, May 2012, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.017
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.017, ISSN：0304-3940, Web of Science ID：WOS:000304520300025
• Differential mRNA expression of neuroimmune markers in the hippocampus of infant mice following toluene exposure during brain developmental period　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Naoki Kunugita; Yasuhiro Yoshida; Daisuke Nakajima; Shinji Tsukahara; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Volume：32, Number：2, First page：126, Last page：134, Feb. 2012, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1643
  DOI ID：10.1002/jat.1643, ISSN：0260-437X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000298597900006
• Effects of Aromatase or Estrogen Receptor Gene Deletion on Masculinization of the Principal Nucleus of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis of Mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Mumeko C. Tsuda; Ryohei Kurihara; Yukinori Kato; Yoshiko Kuroda; Mariko Nakata; Kai Xiao; Kazuyo Nagata; Katsumi Toda; Sonoko Ogawa
  NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：94, Number：2, First page：137, Last page：147, 2011, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1159/000327541
  DOI ID：10.1159/000327541, ISSN：0028-3835, Web of Science ID：WOS:000295158800005
• Intrauterine Position Affects Estrogen Receptor alpha Expression in the Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus via Promoter DNA Methylation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Hiroko Mori; Ken Ichi Matsuda; Shinji Tsukahara; Mitsuhiro Kawata
  ENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：151, Number：12, First page：5775, Last page：5781, Dec. 2010, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0646
  DOI ID：10.1210/en.2010-0646, ISSN：0013-7227, Web of Science ID：WOS:000284489800022
• Does early life toluene exposure alter the expression of NMDA receptor subunits and signal transduction pathway in infant mouse hippocampus?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Yasuhiro Yoshida; Naoki Kunugita; Shinji Tsukahara; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  NEUROTOXICOLOGY, Volume：31, Number：6, First page：647, Last page：653, Dec. 2010, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2010.08.006
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuro.2010.08.006, ISSN：0161-813X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000284199800003
• Use of live imaging analysis for evaluation of cytotoxic chemicals that induce apoptotic cell death　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Yoshiko Koike-Kuroda; Masaki Kakeyama; Hidekazu Fujimaki; Shinji Tsukahara
  TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO, Volume：24, Number：7, First page：2012, Last page：2020, Oct. 2010, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.022
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.022, ISSN：0887-2333, Web of Science ID：WOS:000283567500017
• Up-regulation of neurotrophin-related gene expression in mouse hippocampus following low-level toluene exposure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Shinji Tsukahara; Shoji Yamamoto; Atsushi Fukushima; Naoki Kunugita; Keiichi Arashidani; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  NEUROTOXICOLOGY, Volume：31, Number：1, First page：85, Last page：93, Jan. 2010, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2009.11.004
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuro.2009.11.004, ISSN：0161-813X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000274611000009
• The effect of D-cycloserine on spatial learning performance and memory function-related gene expression in mice following toluene exposure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Shiho Kageyama; Shinji Tsukahara; Daisuke Nakajima; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  Journal of UOEH, Volume：32, Number：2, First page：127, Last page：140, 2010, [Reviewed]
  University of Occupational and Environmental Health, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.32.127
  DOI ID：10.7888/juoeh.32.127, ISSN：0387-821X, PubMed ID：20549902, SCOPUS ID：77955898534
• Sex Differences and the Roles of Sex Steroids in Apoptosis of Sexually Dimorphic Nuclei of the Preoptic Area in Postnatal Rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  S. Tsukahara
  JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：21, Number：4, First page：370, Last page：376, Apr. 2009, [Reviewed]
  English
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01855.x
  DOI ID：10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01855.x, ISSN：0953-8194, Web of Science ID：WOS:000264635700024
• Effects of maternal toluene exposure on testosterone levels in fetal rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Daisuke Nakajima; Yoshiko Kuroda; Rieko Hojo; Shiho Kageyama; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  TOXICOLOGY LETTERS, Volume：185, Number：2, First page：79, Last page：84, Mar. 2009, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.001
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.001, ISSN：0378-4274, Web of Science ID：WOS:000263946400002
• Measurement of Toluene Concentrations in the Blood of Fetuses of Pregnant Rats Exposed to Low Concentration Toluene Using Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Daisuke Nakajima; Shinji Tsukahara; Rieko Hojo; Shiho Kageyama; Sumio Goto; Hiroaki Shiraishi; Fujio Shiraishi; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE, Volume：55, Number：1, First page：50, Last page：55, Feb. 2009, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.55.50
  DOI ID：10.1248/jhs.55.50, ISSN：1344-9702, eISSN：1347-5207, Web of Science ID：WOS:000262843400006
• Estrogen modulates Bcl-2 family protein expression in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of postnatal rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Rieko Hojo; Yoshiko Kuroda; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, Volume：432, Number：1, First page：58, Last page：63, Feb. 2008, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.12.006
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neulet.2007.12.006, ISSN：0304-3940, Web of Science ID：WOS:000253807600012
• Evaluation of olfactory detection threshold of odor in mice using operant learning procedure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  HOJO Rieko; KUROKAWA Yoshika; TSUKAHARA Shinji; NAKAJIMA Daisuke; FUJIMAKI Hidekazu
  Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment, Volume：39, Number：3, First page：186, Last page：191, 2008
  Japanese
  DOI ID：10.2171/jao.39.186, ISSN：1348-2904, CiNii Articles ID：10021104019, CiNii Books ID：AA11827805
• Effects of toluene exposure on estradiol level in the fetal brain and postnatal apoptosis in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area [SDN-POA] in rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Daisuke Nakajima; Yoshiko Kuroda; Shiho Kageyama; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Volume：61, First page：S108, Last page：S108, 2008, [Reviewed]
  English
  ISSN：0168-0102, Web of Science ID：WOS:000261548100644
• Athymic nude mice are insensitive to low-level toluene-induced up-regulation of memory-related gene expressions in the hippocampus　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; Shinji Tsukahara; Sohel Ahmed; Atsushi Fukushima; Shoji Yamamoto; Masaki Kakeyama; Daisuke Nakajima; Surnio Goto; Takahiro Kobayashi; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  NEUROTOXICOLOGY, Volume：28, Number：5, First page：957, Last page：964, Sep. 2007, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2007.08.002
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuro.2007.08.002, ISSN：0161-813X, Web of Science ID：WOS:000250905100008
• Activation of cholecystokinin neurons in the dorsal pallium of the telencephalon is indispensable for the acquisition of chick imprinting behavior　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Fumihiko Maekawa; Tomoharu Nakamori; Motoaki Uchimura; Ken Fujiwara; Toshihiko Yada; Shinji Tsukahara; Tomoyuki Kanamatsu; Kohichi Tanaka; Hiroko Ohki-Hamazaki
  JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Volume：102, Number：5, First page：1645, Last page：1657, Sep. 2007, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04733.x
  DOI ID：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04733.x, ISSN：0022-3042, CiNii Articles ID：80018283044, PubMed ID：17697050, Web of Science ID：WOS:000249267300021
• Effects of low-level formaldehyde exposure on synaptic plasticity-related gene expression in the hippocampus of immunized mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Sohel Ahmed; Shinji Tsukahara; Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe; Shoji Yamamoto; Naoki Kunugita; Keiichi Arashidani; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY, Volume：186, Number：1-2, First page：104, Last page：111, May 2007, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.03.010
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.03.010, ISSN：0165-5728, Web of Science ID：WOS:000247452700011
• Toluene induces rapid and reversible rise of hippocampal glutamate and taurine neurotransmitter levels in mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tin-Tin Win-Shwe; D. Mitsushima; D. Nakajima; S. Ahmed; S. Yamamoto; S. Tsukahara; M. Kakeyama; S. Goto; H. Fujimaki
  TOXICOLOGY LETTERS, Volume：168, Number：1, First page：75, Last page：82, Jan. 2007, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.10.017
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.10.017, ISSN：0378-4274, Web of Science ID：WOS:000243886400009
• Increased hippocampal mRNA expression of neuronal synaptic plasticity related genes in mice chronically exposed to toluene at a low-level human occupational-exposure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Sohel Ahmed; Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe; Shoji Yamamoto; Shinji Tsukahara; Naoki Kunugita; Keiichi Arashidani; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  NEUROTOXICOLOGY, Volume：28, Number：1, First page：168, Last page：174, Jan. 2007, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.011
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.011, ISSN：0161-813X, eISSN：1872-9711, Web of Science ID：WOS:000244844100021
• Progression of the dose-related effects of estrogenic endocrine disruptors, an important factor in declining fertility, differs between the hypothalamo-pituitary axis and reproductive organs of male mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Katsuhiko Warita; Teruo Sugawara; Zhan-Peng Yue; Shinji Tsukahara; Ken-ichiro Mutoh; Yoshihisa Hasegawa; Hiroshi Kitagawa; Chisato Mori; Nobuhiko Hoshi
  JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE, Volume：68, Number：12, First page：1257, Last page：1267, Dec. 2006, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.68.1257
  DOI ID：10.1292/jvms.68.1257, ISSN：0916-7250, Web of Science ID：WOS:000243327100002
• Sex differences in the level of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3 activation in the sexually dimorphic nuclei of the preoptic area in postnatal rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Masaki Kakeyama; Yuki Toyofuku
  JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY, Volume：66, Number：13, First page：1411, Last page：1419, Nov. 2006, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1002/neu.20276
  DOI ID：10.1002/neu.20276, ISSN：0022-3034, Web of Science ID：WOS:000241903700002
• Modulation of pro-inflammatory and neural activity-related gene expression in the olfactory bulb of mice by nasal inhalation of low-level toluene　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Sohel Ahmed; Hidekazu Fujimaki; Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe; Shoji Yamamoto; Shinji Tsukahara; Yoshika Kurokawa; Daisuke Nakajima; Sumio Goto
  JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY, Volume：178, First page：182, Last page：182, Sep. 2006, [Reviewed]
  English
  ISSN：0165-5728, Web of Science ID：WOS:000241633101152
• Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus project to the midbrain central gray　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  F Maekawa; K Fujiwara; S Tsukahara; T Yada
  NEUROREPORT, Volume：17, Number：2, First page：221, Last page：224, Feb. 2006, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000198945.62326.ba
  DOI ID：10.1097/01.wnr.0000198945.62326.ba, ISSN：0959-4965, Web of Science ID：WOS:000235349800022
• Increased Fos Immunoreactivity in Suprachiasmatic Nucleus before Luteinizing Hormone Surge in Estrogen-Treated Ovariectomized Female Rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara
  NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：83, Number：5-6, First page：303, Last page：312, 2006, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1159/000095341
  DOI ID：10.1159/000095341, ISSN：0028-3835, Web of Science ID：WOS:000208027900003
• Inhalation of low-level formaldehyde increases the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio in the hippocampus of immunologically sensitized mice　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Shoji Yamamoto; Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe; Sohel Ahmed; Naoki Kunugita; Keiichi Arashidani; Hidekazu Fujimaki
  NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION, Volume：13, Number：2, First page：63, Last page：68, 2006, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1159/000094829
  DOI ID：10.1159/000094829, ISSN：1021-7401, Web of Science ID：WOS:000241944000001
• Age-related change and its sex differences in histoarchitecture of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of F344/N rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  S Tsukahara; S Tanaka; K Ishida; N Hoshi; H Kitagawa
  EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY, Volume：40, Number：3, First page：147, Last page：155, Mar. 2005, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2004.10.003
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.exger.2004.10.003, ISSN：0531-5565, Web of Science ID：WOS:000228158500004
• Postnatal apoptosis, development, and sex difference in the lateral septum of rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  S Tsukahara; K Inami; F Maekawa; M Kakeyama; T Yokoyama; M Yuji; H Kitagawa; Y Kannan; K Yamanouchi
  JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Volume：475, Number：2, First page：177, Last page：187, Jul. 2004, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20184
  DOI ID：10.1002/cne.20184, ISSN：0021-9967, Web of Science ID：WOS:000222414500003
• Distributions of two chicken bombesin receptors, bombesin receptor subtype-3.5 (chBRS-3.5) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (chGRP-R) mRNAS in the chicken telencephalon　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  F Maekawa; S Tsukahara; K Tanaka; H Ohki-Hamazaki
  NEUROSCIENCE, Volume：125, Number：3, First page：569, Last page：582, 2004, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.057
  DOI ID：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.057, ISSN：0306-4522, Web of Science ID：WOS:000221278000006
• Neonatal estrogen decreases neural density of the septum-midbrain central gray connection underlying the lordosis-inhibiting system in female rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  S Tsukahara; N Ezawa; K Yamanouchi
  NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：78, Number：4, First page：226, Last page：233, Oct. 2003, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1159/000073706
  DOI ID：10.1159/000073706, ISSN：0028-3835, Web of Science ID：WOS:000186459200005
• Migration of erythroblastic islands toward the sinusoid as erythroid maturation proceeds in rat bone marrow　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  T Yokoyama; T Etoh; H Kitagawa; S Tsukahara; Y Kannan
  JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE, Volume：65, Number：4, First page：449, Last page：452, Apr. 2003, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.65.449
  DOI ID：10.1292/jvms.65.449, ISSN：0916-7250, Web of Science ID：WOS:000182670800002
• Distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase, neurotensin, enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, and cholecystokinin neurons in the septo-preoptic region of male rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  S Tsukahara; K Yamanouchi
  JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT, Volume：49, Number：1, First page：67, Last page：77, Feb. 2003, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.49.67
  DOI ID：10.1262/jrd.49.67, ISSN：0916-8818, Web of Science ID：WOS:000181142400008
• No apoptotic cell death of erythroid cells of erythroblastic islands in bone marrow of healthy rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  T Yokoyama; H Kitagawa; T Takeuchi; S Tsukahara; Y Kannan
  JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE, Volume：64, Number：10, First page：913, Last page：919, Oct. 2002, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.64.913
  DOI ID：10.1292/jvms.64.913, ISSN：0916-7250, Web of Science ID：WOS:000179072500008
• The arcuate nucleus mediates facilitating effect of estrogen on glutamate-induced in vitro GnRH release from nerve terminals of female rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  K Murahashi; S Tsukahara; H Tsukamura
  JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT, Volume：48, Number：2, First page：183, Last page：188, Apr. 2002, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  ISSN：0916-8818, Web of Science ID：WOS:000179039800011
• Sex difference in septal neurons projecting axons to midbrain central gray in rats: A combined double retrograde tracing and ER-immunohistochemical study　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Shinji Tsukahara; Korehito Yamanouchi
  Endocrinology, Volume：143, Number：1, First page：285, Last page：294, 2002, [Reviewed]
  Endocrine Society, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.143.1.8588
  DOI ID：10.1210/endo.143.1.8588, ISSN：0013-7227, PubMed ID：11751620, SCOPUS ID：0036141055
• Inhibitory effect of postpartum lesions or cuts in median raphe nucleus on maternal behavior in female rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  H Yurino; S Tsukahara; L Koranyi; K Yamanouchi
  ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Volume：18, Number：9, First page：1225, Last page：1230, Dec. 2001, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.18.1225
  DOI ID：10.2108/zsj.18.1225, ISSN：0289-0003, Web of Science ID：WOS:000174124200006
• Neurohistological and behavioral evidence for lordosis-inhibiting tract from lateral septum to periaqueductal gray in male rats
  S Tsukahara; K Yamanouchi
  JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Volume：431, Number：3, First page：293, Last page：310, Mar. 2001, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  ISSN：0021-9967, Web of Science ID：WOS:000166761200004
• Intracerebroventricular administration of melanin-concentrating hormone suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in the female rat　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  H Tsukamura; RC Thompson; S Tsukahara; S Ohkura; F Maekawa; R Moriyama; Y Niwa; DL Foster; KI Maeda
  JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：12, Number：6, First page：529, Last page：534, Jun. 2000, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00482.x
  DOI ID：10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00482.x, ISSN：0953-8194, Web of Science ID：WOS:000087420000009
• Peripheral or central administration of motilin suppresses LH release in female rats: A novel role for motilin　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  H Tsukamura; S Tsukahara; F Maekawa; R Moriyama; BAS Reyes; T Sakai; Y Niwa; DL Foster; KI Maeda
  JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：12, Number：5, First page：403, Last page：408, May 2000, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00467.x
  DOI ID：10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00467.x, ISSN：0953-8194, Web of Science ID：WOS:000086702400005
• Localization of glucokinase-like immunoreactivity in the rat lower brain stem: For possible location of brain glucose-sensing mechanisms　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  F Maekawa; Y Toyoda; N Torii; Miwa, I; RC Thompson; DL Foster; S Tsukahara; H Tsukamura; K Maeda
  ENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：141, Number：1, First page：375, Last page：384, Jan. 2000, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.141.1.7234
  DOI ID：10.1210/endo.141.1.7234, ISSN：0013-7227, eISSN：1945-7170, Web of Science ID：WOS:000084332200045
• Prevention of inhibitory effect of dorsal raphe nucleus lesions on ovulation and LH surge by 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonists in female rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  F Maekawa; S Tsukahara; H Tsukamura; K Maeda; K Yamanouchi
  NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Volume：35, Number：4, First page：291, Last page：298, Dec. 1999, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-0102(99)00090-5
  DOI ID：10.1016/s0168-0102(99)00090-5, ISSN：0168-0102, Web of Science ID：WOS:000084328200005
• Morphological characterization of relationship between gap junctions and gonadotropin releasing hormone nerve terminals in the rat median eminence　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  S Tsukahara; F Maekawa; H Tsukamura; K Hirunagi; K Maeda
  NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, Volume：261, Number：1-2, First page：105, Last page：108, Feb. 1999, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00017-8
  DOI ID：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00017-8, ISSN：0304-3940, Web of Science ID：WOS:000078809900027
• Effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on oestrogen-dependent glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  S Tsukahara; H Tsukamura; DL Foster; K Maeda
  JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：11, Number：2, First page：101, Last page：105, Feb. 1999, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00312.x
  DOI ID：10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00312.x, ISSN：0953-8194, Web of Science ID：WOS:000078761400003
• Inhibitory effect of neural transections of dorsal raphe nucleus on induction of nocturnal prolactin surge by vaginal stimulation in ovariectomized rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  MAEKAWA F.
  Brain Res., Volume：813, Number：1, First page：195, Last page：199, 1998, [Reviewed]
  English
  DOI ID：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01019-1, CiNii Articles ID：80010697066, CiNii Books ID：AA0057324X
• Estrogen modulates effects of glutamate on in vitro gonadotropin-releasing hormone release by altering nitric oxide action in female rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S; Tsukamura H; Maeda K
  Volume：44, Number：4, First page：399, Last page：405, 1998, [Reviewed]
  English
• Vagus nerve mediates the increase in estrogen receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract during fasting in ovariectomized rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Maria Amelita C. Estacio; Hiroko Tsukamura; Sakiko Yamada; Shinji Tsukahara; Kanjun Hirunagi; Kei-Ichiro Maeda
  Neuroscience Letters, Volume：208, Number：1, First page：25, Last page：28, Apr. 1996, [Reviewed]
  Elsevier Ireland Ltd, English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12534-9
  Scopus：https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0029917573&origin=inward
  Scopus Citedby：https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0029917573&origin=inward
  DOI ID：10.1016/0304-3940(96)12534-9, ISSN：0304-3940, PubMed ID：8731166, SCOPUS ID：0029917573
• Suppression of luteinizing hormone pulses by restriction of glucose availability is mediated by sensors in the brain stem　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  K Murahashi; DC Bucholtz; S Nagatani; S Tsukahara; H Tsukamura; DL Foster; KI Maeda
  ENDOCRINOLOGY, Volume：137, Number：4, First page：1171, Last page：1176, Apr. 1996, [Reviewed]
  English, Scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.4.8625886
  DOI ID：10.1210/endo.137.4.8625886, ISSN：0013-7227, eISSN：1945-7170, Web of Science ID：WOS:A1996UB89100005

• マウスの脳内で新たに見つかった性的二型核　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Volume：44, Number：163, First page：7, Last page：11, 2018, [Invited]
  Japanese, Introduction scientific journal
• 培養細胞を用いた発達神経毒性評価試験法の近年の動向　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  前川文彦; チョウ テッ アウン; 中村和昭; 佐野一広; ティン ティン; ウィン シュイ; 田上昭人; 野原恵子; 塚原 伸治
  Volume：65, Number：7, First page：538, Last page：547, 2014, [Invited]
  Japanese
• ライブイメージングを活用したin vitro神経毒性試験法の開発　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  チョウ テッ アウン; 塚原 伸治
  Volume：64, Number：4, First page：281, Last page：286, 2013, [Invited]
  Japanese
• Effects of developmental exposure to toluene on the sexual differentiation of the brain and action mechanisms of toluene　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  TSUKAHARA Shinji; NAKAJIMA Daisuke; FUJIMAKI Hidekazu
  Indoor Environment : Journal of Society of Indoor Environment, Japan, Volume：13, Number：1, First page：1, Last page：8, 2010, [Reviewed], [Invited]
  Immature individuals under the development are considered to have high sensitivity and vulnerability to chemical exposure. The brain is sexually differentiated under the influence of testosterone secreted from the testes during developing period. Inhalation exposure to toluene reduces blood testosterone levels in men and male rats in adulthood. We reported that developmental exposure to toluene via maternal inhalation decreases blood testosterone levels and the expression of 3β-HSD, a steroidogenic enzyme involved in testosterone synthesis, in fetal male rats. Our findings suggest that decreased expression of 3β-HSD in the fetal testes is responsible for the reduction of blood testosterone level. The brain has nuclei exhibiting the morphological sex differences, sexually dimorphic nuclei. The SDN-POA, a sexually dimorphic nucleus of the rat brain, is larger and has more neurons in males than in females. We recently found that the volume of the SDN-POA became smaller in male rats exposed to toluene during the perinatal period. We here discuss the effects of developmental exposure to toluene on the sexual differentiation of the brain in rats.
  Society of Indoor Environment, Japan, Japanese, Introduction scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.7879/siej.13.1
  DOI ID：10.7879/siej.13.1, ISSN：1882-0395, CiNii Articles ID：130002151350, CiNii Books ID：AA11443020
• ロードーシス神経制御機構の性差　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  山内兄人; 塚原伸治
  Volume：27, Number：10, First page：1120, Last page：1123, 2009
• Current status and progress of research on the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on fetuses and infants　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  NAKAJIMA Daisuke; TSUKAHARA Shinji; KAGEYAMA Shiho; SHIRAISHI Fujio; FUJIMAKI Hidekazu
  Indoor Environment, Volume：11, Number：2, First page：103, Last page：109, 2008
  In response to heightened awareness of protecting the health of infants and fetuses, as shown by the Miami Declaration adopted in 1997 and the Dubai Declaration in 2006, various actions have been taken. The effect of exposure to toluene, which is a typical indoor air contaminant, on the cerebral nervous system of humans during development is now being studied, in addition to its well-known toxicity. When investigating the effects of volatile organic compounds such as toluene, it is essential to examine their dynamic behavior in the human body as well as their toxicity. However, such research on fetuses and newborns requires a simple method applicable to micro-samples. The solid phase micro extraction (SPME) method is one such technique and is effective. Detailed susceptibility studies on the vulnerability of immature individuals must be conducted in the future.
  Society of Indoor Environment, Japan, Japanese
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.7879/siej2007.11.103
  DOI ID：10.7879/siej2007.11.103, ISSN：1882-0395, CiNii Articles ID：130004989128, CiNii Books ID：AA11443020
• Survey on the article reporting the effects of developmental exposure to volatile organic compounds and pesticides on the central nervous system　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara Shinji; Ishido Masami; Kurokawa Yoshika; Fujimaki Hidekazu
  Journal of Japan Society of Air Pollution, Volume：43, Number：3, First page：180, Last page：190, 2008, [Reviewed]
  Immature individuals under development are considered to have high sensitivity and vulnerability to chemicals. It therefore pays attention to the risk assessment for environmental chemical exposure in fetuses, infants and children. We here focused on the developmental neurotoxicities of VOCs and pesticides and reviewed articles in the studies reporting the effects of developmental exposure to these chemicals on the central nervous system. Our reviews could be contributed to the hazard assessment of VOCs and pesticides in fetuses, infants and children.
  Japan Society for Atmospheric Environment, Japanese, Introduction scientific journal
  DOI：https://doi.org/10.11298/taiki1995.43.180
  DOI ID：10.11298/taiki1995.43.180, ISSN：1341-4178, CiNii Articles ID：130004377533
• 雄ラット中枢神経系における雌型性行動制御機構: 中隔外側核の抑制機構を中心として
  塚原伸治; 山内兄人
  Volume：15, Number：3, First page：343, Last page：352, 2000, [Invited]
  Japanese, Introduction scientific journal
  CiNii Articles ID：50001324786
• 雌性行動神経制御におけるエストロゲンの作用と性分化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  山内兄人; 塚原伸治
  Volume：37, Number：2, First page：221, Last page：228, 2000, [Invited]
  Japanese, Introduction scientific journal
• 視床下部におけるエストロゲンによる性腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン分泌制御　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Volume：12, Number：2, First page：38, Last page：47, 2000, [Invited]
  Japanese, Introduction research institution

• 脳とホルモンの行動学 : わかりやすい行動神経内分泌学　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  近藤, 保彦; 小川, 園子; 菊水, 健史; 山田,一夫; 富原, 一哉; 塚原, 伸治, [Joint editor]
  Mar. 2023
  Japanese, Total pages：xi, 353p
  CiNii Books：http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BD00980265
  ISBN：9784867060438, CiNii Books ID：BD00980265
• ホルモンから見た生命現象と進化シリーズIV：求愛・性行動と脳の性分化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治, [Contributor]
  2016
• 脳とホルモンの行動学—行動神経内分泌学への招待−　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治, [Contributor]
  2010
• 脳の性分化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治; 掛山正心, [Contributor]
  2006
• 塚原伸治、掛山正心 神経核形成のメカニズム（アポトーシス） 脳の性分化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  裳華房, 2006
• 塚原伸治 下位脳幹の性差 脳の性分化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  裳華房, 2006

• 脳科学から紐解くこころの性　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Jun. 2024, [Invited]
• 脳の性について、最新の脳科学から ーこころの性とその多様性の理解のためにー　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Nov. 2023, [Invited]
• 細胞数の正確な見積のためのステレオロジー解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Sep. 2023, [Invited]
• 性ホルモンによって構築される脳の性差 ―性のグラデーションと多様性が生じる仕組みの理解を目指して―　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Sep. 2023, [Invited]
• 最新の脳科学から ヒトの脳はグラデーション　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Dec. 2022, [Invited]
• Sexual differentiation of calbindin neuron in the preoptic area.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Jul. 2019, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  English, Public symposium
• A neuronal mechanism of sexual arousal in male rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Mar. 2019, [Invited], [International conference]
  English, Nominated symposium
• 生命科学の視点から「こころの性」を考える　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Jan. 2019, [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• 雄性機能を覚醒する神経機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Nov. 2018, [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• 性機能を覚醒する神経メカニズム　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Oct. 2018, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Nominated symposium
• Formation and function of female-biased sexually dimorphic cell group in male-biased sexually dimorphic nucleus.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Mar. 2018, [Domestic conference]
  English, Public symposium
• 新たに見つかった性的二型核の性差形成機構と生理機能　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Aug. 2017, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Nominated symposium
• Sexual differentiation of novel sexually dimorphic nucleus of dorsal hypothalamus in mice.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Jun. 2017, [Invited], [International conference]
  English, Public symposium
• 性行動の神経制御と性ホルモンの働き　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Jun. 2017, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Invited oral presentation
• 哺乳類における性的二型核の比較と性差形成機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Mar. 2017, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Invited oral presentation
• 脳の性差を構築する性ホルモンの作用機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Nov. 2016, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public symposium
• Sex and species differences in brain structure.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Nov. 2016, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  English, Public discourse
• Difference and homology of sexually dimorphic brain structures among quails, mice, musk shrews, and common marmosets.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Nov. 2016, [International conference]
  English, Public symposium
• Gonadal steroid action on sex-specific formation of the brain.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Jul. 2016, [Domestic conference]
  English, Public symposium
• Region-specific actions of sex steroids on the formation of morphological sex difference in the brain.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S; Kanaya M
  Mar. 2016, [Domestic conference]
  English, Public symposium
• こころの性を考える　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Dec. 2015, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• 脳の性差：新たに見つかった視床下部の性的二型領域　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Sep. 2015, [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Nominated symposium
• 性経験によって促進する雄性行動の神経制御機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Dec. 2014, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• The Year（基礎編）神経内分泌学の基礎研究における最近の動向　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Nov. 2014, [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Others
• Sex steroid actions on the formation of morphological sex difference in the rodent brain.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Aug. 2014, [Invited], [International conference]
  English, Invited oral presentation
• 交尾経験によって引き起こされる雄性行動発現促進のメカニズム：視索前野の性的二型核（SDN-POA）の生理機能の解明をめざして　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Mar. 2014, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Invited oral presentation
• 行動の性差を生み出す脳の性分化機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Mar. 2014, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public symposium
• Mechanism of brain sexual differentiation and development of neurotoxicology method using live imaging.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Nov. 2013, [Invited], [International conference]
  English, Public discourse
• 雄ラットの性的覚醒を引き起こす神経機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Sep. 2013, [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public symposium
• 雄の性行動を調節する脳機能の解析と少子化対策に向けて　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Jun. 2013, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• 脳の性差形成と性機能:視索前野における性的二型核の性差形成機構と雄性機能における関与　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  May 2013, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• 脳構造の性差形成とエストロゲンの働き　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Dec. 2011, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• Formation and function of tissue structure in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Jul. 2011, [Invited], [International conference]
  English, Nominated symposium
• 脳の性分化機構：雌雄で異なる脳の構造と機能について　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Mar. 2011, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• げっ歯類における性的二型核の形成と性ステロイドの役割　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Sep. 2010, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public symposium
• Involvement of postnatal apoptosis and effects of developmental chemical exposure on SDN-POA formation in rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Sep. 2010, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  English, Public symposium
• 脳の性分化に及ぼすトルエンの発達期曝露の影響　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治; 中島大介
  Feb. 2009, [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Nominated symposium
• Effects of developmental exposure to toluene on the sexual differentiation of the brain　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Program and Abstracts, Oct. 2008, [Invited], [International conference]
  English, Nominated symposium
• Sex difference in apoptosis and role of estrogen in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) in postnatal rats　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S
  Program and Abstracts, Sep. 2008, [Invited], [International conference]
  English, Nominated symposium
• 発達期の性的二型核におけるアポトーシスに関する研究（日本神経内分泌学会川上賞受賞講演）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Aug. 2008, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Invited oral presentation
• 発達期の脳の性分化機構におよぼす化学物質の影響　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Mar. 2008, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Invited oral presentation
• VOCの脳神経系におよぼす影響　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Sep. 2007, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Invited oral presentation
• 生殖機能制御を司る視床下部の性差と形成機構　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Jan. 2006, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• ラットの雌性行動抑制に関与する外側中隔の性分化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Jun. 2004, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public symposium
• ラットの雌性行動を抑制する外側中隔の性差と性分化　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  塚原伸治
  Nov. 2003, [Invited], [Domestic conference]
  Japanese, Public discourse
• Lordosis-inhibiting tract from septum to central gray in male rats.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Tsukahara S; Yamanouchi K
  Dec. 2000, [International conference]
  English, Nominated symposium

• Society for Neuroscience
• THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
• THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

• こころの性とその多様性を生み出す神経基盤の解明を目指した性的二型核の解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Apr. 2020 - Mar. 2023
  Saitama University
  Grant amount(Total)：4290000, Direct funding：3300000, Indirect funding：990000
  Grant number：20K07257
• Neuroendocrinology of Social Behavior　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S), 29 May 2015 - 31 Mar. 2020
  OGAWA Sonoko, University of Tsukuba
  Grant amount(Total)：196690000, Direct funding：151300000, Indirect funding：45390000
  Estrogen receptors alpha (ERa) and beta (ERb) play a critical role in the regulation and modulation of social behavior by sex steroid hormones. In the present study, we first defined distribution of each of ERa and ERb at cellular levels in various brain areas in the limbic system, hypothalamus, and midbrain, which constitute the social behavioral network. We then identified their functions and mechanisms of action using a number of cutting-edge techniques in behavioral neuroscience. We concluded that harmonious action of ERa and ERb which are different in distribution and downstream effects is essential for adaptive expression of social behavior.
  Grant number：15H05724
• 性的二型核の生理機能と性差構築機構の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2017 - 2019
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• 心の性とその多様性の理解を目指した脳の性差解析　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2018
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• Sexual differentiation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis responsible for the gender identity.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 01 Apr. 2013 - 31 Mar. 2017
  Hamada Tomohiro, Nippon Medical School
  Grant amount(Total)：4940000, Direct funding：3800000, Indirect funding：1140000
  Sex differences of the brain would be important for the gender identity, however, the mechanism of the sexual differentiation of the brain remains largely unknown. The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) is thought to contribute to the gender identity. In this study, we examined the sexual differentiation of the SDN-POA using the organotypic brain slice cultures and time-lapse imaging in vitro to test the hypothesis that neural migration regulated by estrogen is critical for the sexual differentiation of the SDN-POA. The scattering neural migration by estrogen was observed in the masculinization of the SDN-POA. This estrogen induced scattering migration was mediated through the estrogen receptor alpha/Rac1/cofilin/actin pathway. These results suggest that scattering neural migration by estrogen is critical role for the masculinization of the SDN-POA.
  Grant number：25460320
• 性ステロイドホルモンによる社会行動神経ネットワーク機能の制御メカニズム　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2016
  Grant amount(Total)：13780000, Direct funding：10600000, Indirect funding：3180000
  Grant number：15H01844
• 性的二型核に着目した脳への系統進化的アプローチ　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2015 - 2016
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• Neural Mechanism of the Regulation of Social Behavior by Estrogen　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 01 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2015
  OGAWA Sonoko; TSUKAHARA Shinji; SAKAMOTO Hirotaka; NISHIMORI Katsuhiko; SAKAMOTO Toshiro, University of Tsukuba
  Grant amount(Total)：48880000, Direct funding：37600000, Indirect funding：11280000
  Estrogen plays a central role in the regulation of social behavior. We aimed to elucidate neurobiological basis of social behavior by focusing on neural mechanisms of 1) sex-specific, 2) time-dependent, and 3) brain site-specific action of estrogen. For this purpose, we performed behavioral, neuroanatomical and molecular biological analyses in global knockout and brain site-specific knockdown mice of two types of estrogen receptors. We have found that estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the medial amygdala, medial preoptic area, hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, and dorsal raphe nucleus might have differential roles in the regulation of sexual, aggressive behavior and social anxiety levels in male and female mice.
  Grant number：23240057
• 新規な性的二型核の探索と探索した性的二型核の性差形成機構および生理機能の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2013 - 2014
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• ライブイメージングを利用した新規試験法による発達神経毒性評価と毒性発現機序の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2011 - 2013
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• ヒトの発達神経毒性評価を念頭に置いた新規in vitro試験法開発　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2012
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• ニューロンの微細構造に着目した発達神経毒性試験法の開発　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2010
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• 化学物質の有害性評価の効率化を目指した新たな神経毒性試験法の開発に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2008 - 2009
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• 脳の発達・性分化に及ぼす揮発性有機化合物の影響と作用機序の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2007 - 2009
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• Mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism of the brain　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, 2007 - 2008
  OHTANI-KANEKO Ritsuko; OGAWA Sonoko; KATO Tomohiro; TSUKAHARA Shinji, Toyo University
  Grant amount(Total)：6900000, Direct funding：6900000
  Grant number：19040025
• 視床下部における生殖中枢の性差と性分化機構の解明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2005 - 2006
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• 生殖のライフサイクルにおける脳の機能構造の変化と性特異性に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2005 - 2006
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• Studies on the colonization mechanism of indigenous bacteria in alimentary tract　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 2004 - 2006
  KITAGAWA Hiroshi; SHIMIZU Akira, Kobe University
  Grant amount(Total)：3700000, Direct funding：3700000
  This research clarified the colonization mechanisms of indigenous bacteria in rat alimentary tracts. The results obtained in this research are as follows:
  1. Fundamental colonization site of indigenous bacteria is the epithelial cells with late apoptotic stage in intestinal villi and Peyer's patches.
  2. Differentiation of M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) is co-related with the colonization of indigenous bacteria on FAE and neighboring mucosa. The ordinary columnar epithelial cells engulf the degenerated bacteria, whereas M cells engulf the intact bacteria in FAE of Peyer's patches. This engulfment of bacteria might be mediated with membrane receptor in M cells form ultrastructural findings.
  3. Specific sugar expression was histochemically determined on the epithelial cells with late apoptotic stage, whereas M cells expressed no specific sugar.
  4. Fundamental colonization site of indigenous bacteria is the epithelial cells with late apoptotic stage in entire alimentary tract. From these sites, indigenous bacteria proliferate deeply into mucous membrane. This proliferation is monitored by neighboring FAE of mucous lymphatic follicles.
  5. At bacterial attachment sites, indigenous bacteria are eliminated by both the physical defense of rearrangement of epithelial cytoskeletons and the chemical defense of secretion of antibactericidal substances.
  6. The detailed differentiation and re differentiation processes were clarified in FAE of Peyer's patches under transmission electron microscope.
  Grant number：16580239
• 雌雄で異なる生殖現象を支配調節する脳の構造と機能　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2003 - 2004
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• 雄ラットにおける雌性行動抑制神経機構に関する研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  2000 - 2001
  Principal investigator
  Competitive research funding
• -　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
  Competitive research funding